《植物生理学报》 2015, 51(10): 1597-1603

大白菜不同发育阶段耐盐性的长期观察

邱念伟^1,2,*, 刘倩^1,*, 王凤德², 赵娜¹, 孙凯月¹, 苗雪梅¹, 赵丽娟¹, 李玲玲¹, 高建伟^2,**

¹曲阜师范大学生命科学学院, 山东曲阜273165; ²山东省农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所, 山东省设施蔬菜生物学重点实验室, 国家蔬菜改良中心山东分中心, 济南250100

通信作者：邱念伟；E-mail: jianweigao3@qq.com；Tel: 18668957319

摘　要：

为详细了解大白菜在不同发育阶段的耐盐能力, 对耐盐性较好的大白菜品种‘橘红65’进行盐处理(100~400 mmol•L^-1 NaCl)。实验结果显示, ‘橘红65’的种子虽然能够在300~400 mmol•L^-1 NaCl条件下萌发, 但发芽较慢, 难以生长。在对白菜幼苗进行盐处理的早期(7 d), ‘橘红65’幼苗也能耐受300~400 mmol•L^-1 NaCl, 不过长势较慢。盐处理中期, 300~400 mmol•L^-1 NaCl处理的植株叶片开始萎蔫黄化, 光合能力急剧下降, 生长停滞。盐处理2个月后, 300~400 mmol•L^-1 NaCl处理的植株全部死亡, 100~200 mmol•L^-1 NaCl处理的植株则可健康存活, 只是长势显著缓于对照。进入生殖生长期, ‘橘红65’在100 mmol•L^-1 NaCl条件下能正常结球、开花、结实; 200 mmol•L^-1 NaCl处理的植株能抽薹开花, 但不能结球, 且花朵败育、不能结实。光合能力下降是盐抑制白菜生长的重要原因, 盐处理早期‘橘红65’光合能力的迅速下降主要是由于气孔因素造成的, 光系统并没有受到明显破坏; 而长期高浓度盐处理后, Na⁺在叶片内积累过高, 导致光系统受到明显破坏, 叶片失去光合功能, 进而导致植物死亡。因此, ‘橘红65’虽能够在200 mmol•L^-1 NaCl条件下长期生长, 但只能在0~100 mmol•L^-1 NaCl条件下完成生活史。这些结果对于了解大白菜耐盐性和大白菜的盐碱地栽培具有一定的参考意义。

关键词：白菜; 盐处理; 耐盐性; 生长; 发育; 生活史

收稿：2015-07-01   修定：2015-09-29

资助：国家自然科学基金(31471884)和曲阜师范大学科技计划项目(xkj201404)。

Long-term Observation on Salt Tolerance of Chinese Cabbage at Different Development Stages

QIU Nian-Wei^1,2,*, LIU Qian^1,*, WANG Feng-De², ZHAO Na¹, SUN Kai-Yue¹, MIAO Xue-Mei¹, ZHAO Li-Juan¹, LI Ling-Ling¹, GAO Jian-Wei^2,**

¹College of Life Science, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong 273165, China; ²Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Shandong Key Laboratory of Greenhouse Vegetable Biology and Shandong Branch of National Vegetable Improvement Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China

Corresponding author: QIU Nian-Wei; E-mail: jianweigao3@qq.com; Tel: 18668957319

Abstract:

To get the detailed information about salt tolerance of Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis) at different development stages, new Chinese cabbage cultivar ‘Juhong 65’ with better salt resistance was treated with 100–400 mmol•L^-1 NaCl continuously for over 6 months. The results show that the seeds of ‘Juhong 65’ germinated slowly, while the new buds were really hard to grow under 300–400 mmol•L^-1 NaCl. The seedlings could tolerate 400 mmol•L^-1 NaCl stress at the early stage of salt treatment, but grew more slowly than control seedlings. The leaves of the plants treated with 300–400 mmol•L^-1 NaCl started to get wilting and yellow at the middle stage of salt treatment (1 month) and their photosynthetic capacity dropped rapidly, leading to growth stagnancy. The plants treated with 300–400 mmol•L^-1 NaCl began to die after 2 months, while plants treated with 100–200 mmol•L^-1 NaCl survived healthily and grew slowly. During the procreation growth period, the plants treated with 100 mmol•L^-1 NaCl could form leafy head, blossom and fruit, and the plants treated with 200 mmol•L^-1 NaCl could blossom but could not form leafy head and fruit. The principal cause of the reduction in growth of Chinese cabbage is attributed to the decline of photosynthetic capacity under saline condition. The declined net photosynthetic rate in salt-treated leaves is mainly induced by stomatal factors at the early stage of salt treatment, while their photosystems are not impaired. However, the photosystems of 300–400 mmol•L^-1 NaCl–treated leaves are severely damaged and lost photosynthetic abilities after 2-month treatment. The deaths of 300–400 mmol•L^-1 NaCl–treated plants are likely related to excessive concentration of Na⁺ in their bodies. The above results suggest that ‘Juhong 65’ can long live under 200 mmol•L^-1 NaCl, while ‘Juhong 65’ can finish its whole life only under 0–100 mmol•L^-1 NaCl. The results of this paper have a certain reference value for understanding salt tolerrance and cultivation in saline soil of Chinese cabbage.

Key words: Chinese cabbage; salt treatment; salt tolerance; growth; development; life cycle